The effect of the inside–outside circle (IOC) learning model on eighth-grade students’ ability to analyze figurative language in the short story “Ketika Laut Marah” by Widya Suwarna

Abstract

This study examined the effect of the Inside–Outside Circle (IOC) learning model on students’ ability to analyze figurative language in the short story “Ketika Laut Marah” by Widya Suwarna. The research employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design. The population consisted of 66 eighth-grade students, from which 21 students were selected as the research sample. Data were collected through a figurative language analysis test administered before and after the implementation of the IOC learning model. The pretest results indicated that students’ initial ability to analyze figurative language was relatively low, with a mean score of 56.67 and a standard deviation of 2.36. After the application of the IOC learning model, the posttest results showed a significant improvement, with a mean score of 76.43 and a standard deviation of 2.73, which falls into the good category. The hypothesis testing using a paired-sample t-test yielded a t-value of 24.39, which exceeded the critical t-value of 1.725 at the 0.05 significance level (df = 20). These findings indicate that the improvement in students’ ability was statistically significant. When compared with the minimum mastery criterion (KKM) for Indonesian language subjects at the junior high school level, which is set at 70, the students’ posttest scores met the expected standard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Inside–Outside Circle (IOC) learning model has a significant positive effect on students’ ability to analyze figurative language in short stories.